When investing in solar energy, it is important to understand inverters and solar batteries. They are both important solar system components and have different functions and roles. In this article, we will discuss their differences and how they work together.
What is an inverter?
The core function of an inverter is to convert direct current (DC) from solar panels and batteries into alternating current (AC) -- the standardized power needed to run most household appliances, from TVs and refrigerators to laptops.
Types of inverters
- Grid-tie inverters: Grid-tie inverters operate in parallel with the utility grid and do not require batteries, relying primarily on solar power. Excess power generated by the solar panels is sent back to the grid. In the event of a power outage, the inverter automatically shuts down and cannot be used as a backup power source.
- Hybrid inverters: Hybrid inverters can either connect to the grid or store energy in batteries, switching automatically between the two sources. It allows users to optimize their electricity bills by storing power when electricity prices are low and using the stored power when prices are high.
- Off-grid inverters: Off-grid inverters rely entirely on batteries and are not connected to the grid. The batteries are used to store excess power generated by the solar panels during the day for use at night or during power outages.
What is a solar battery?
Solar batteries store excess DC power generated by your solar panels during peak sunlight hours and release it when needed, such as at night, during power outages, or on cloudy days. Any excess power generated by your solar panels is sent to the grid without a solar battery.
Types of solar batteries
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Lithium-ion Batteries: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used because of their high energy density, long life, and high efficiency. Lithium-ion batteries have a longer lifespan than lead-acid batteries, typically up to 10-15 years or 4,000-6,000 charge/discharge cycles. Lithium-ion batteries also charge faster, allowing users to use more stored power without compromising battery life. In addition, Li-ion batteries require little maintenance and are often equipped with a battery management system (BMS) to ensure safe battery operation.
- Lead Acid Batteries: Lead-acid batteries have been used in solar energy systems for many years. Its main advantage is that it is relatively inexpensive, making it a popular choice for users on a budget. Compared to lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries have a lower depth of discharge and can usually only use 50% of their stored capacity before their lifespan is compromised. In addition, it has a lower energy conversion efficiency of 70-85%, which means that there is a greater loss of energy during the charging and discharging process. Lead-acid batteries are heavy and bulky, making them expensive to install and transport.
Key differences between inverters and solar batteries
Function
Inverters are the equivalent of bridges, converting the DC power stored in solar cells into AC power for distribution to individual household appliances. Without an inverter, the DC power generated by solar panels would still be unusable by most appliances. But it cannot store energy.
The solar cells act as the system's 'energy bank', storing the excess DC power generated by the solar panels during the day. This stored energy is released when there is no sunlight (such as at night or during a power outage). Solar panels must be used in conjunction with an inverter.
For example, pairing our 3000W pure sine wave inverter with a 10kWh lithium battery ensures seamless energy conversion, even during sudden load surges.
Installation location
The inverter is usually mounted close to the meter or main board, avoid mounting it in a location with direct sunlight or moisture.
Solar cells are mounted side-by-side with the inverter, directly on the wall or fixed to a bracket.
Learn More: Step by Step DIY Solar Installation
Recommended inverters based on the scenario
Outdoor camping
Recommended Model: [Topbull 2000W Pure Sine Wave Inverter]
Highlights:
✓ Weighs only 8 pounds, small and portable
✓ With [Topbull 2.4kWh Li-Ion Battery]
✓ Outputs: 2x AC outlets + USB + Type-C
Powering scenarios:
- Simultaneous operation: 300W mini fridge + 50W camp light + cell phone/drone charging
- Endurance: 14 hours of continuous power at full charge (with 1 battery)
RV solar power inverter
Recommended Model: [Topbull 3000W inverter for RV]
Highlights:
✓ Compact size | 12V/24V compatible
✓ Direct connection to RV battery pack (Lead Acid/Lithium supported)
✓ Standby mode power consumption of only 1.8W (40% less than comparable products)
Powering scenarios:
- Simultaneous power supply: 2000W air conditioner + 800W microwave + light/TV
- Charging solution: travel charging + 200W roof solar panel + camping power three inputs
Off-Grid cabin inverter
Recommended Model: [Topbull 4000W off-grid inverter]
Highlights:
✓ Four seasons adaptability: -22°F to 122°F wide temperature operation, no fear of cold and heat
✓Flexible input: compatible with lead-acid/lithium battery packs, supports mixed use of old and new batteries
✓ Intelligent power-saving mode: automatic load sensing, power consumption down to 3W when no load (80% standby power saving)
Powering scenarios:
- Winter: Heater (1500W) + water pump (500W) + basic lighting (200W) → 10 hours of continuous power.
- Summer: refrigerator (300W) + fan (200W) + coffee maker (1000W) → 20 hours of continuous power.
- Expandability: Additional stackable solar panels (up to 4000W input) for year-round off-grid operation.
FAQ
Q: What are the functions of a solar battery?
A:Solar batteries store excess electricity produced by solar panels so it can be used at the homeowner's convenience later on.
Q: Can an inverter work without a battery?
A: Yes, grid-tie inverters operate without batteries, but adding one ensures backup power.
Q: How long do solar batteries last?
A: Lithium batteries last 10-15 years, like our [Brand Name] 10kWh model.
